Expansion of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional elements

Typical one-dimensional elements are beams, typical two-dimensional elements are shells, plane stress elements, plane strain elements and axisymmetric elements. Their dimension in thickness direction (for two-dimensional elements) or orthogonal to their axis (for beam elements) is much smaller than in the other directions. In CalculiX these elements are expanded to volume elements. Only quadratic shape functions are accepted.

The expansion of the elements requires several steps:



Subsections